Novisio - USGS Earthquake
USGS. Deutsch: Darstellung kontinentaler und ozeanischer Kruste an einem passiven Kontinentalrand
English: Graphic of the earth's ontinental and oceanic crust
Esperanto: Bildigo de la kontinenta kaj oceana terkrusto de la litosfero
Science20 earthquakes
USGS report
USGS list
USGS map
USGS earthquake probability
USGS seismic map
Earthquake Trends Worlwide - 2010
Number of earthquakes yearly (M>5.5)
Maximum earthquake magnitude yearly (M)
Average depth yearly (km)
US Earthquake Trends
Study of earthquakes in Indonesia - 2010
Worldwide earthquake trends monthly, data extrapolated for May, 2011, public domain information, graph can be copied and shared, credit data from NEIC, credit for graph Novisio
Worldwide earthquake yearly trends, data extrapolated for 2011, public domain information, graph can be copied and shared, credit data from NEIC, credit for graph Novisio
Worldwide earthquake yearly trends, public domain information, graph can be copied and shared, credit data from NEIC, credit for graph Novisio
Worldwide earthquake yearly trends, public domain information, graph can be copied and shared, credit data from NEIC, credit for graph Novisio
* Credit for data Neic, credit for graph Novisio, Novisio graphs are public domain and can be copied and shared
* Credit: Copyright © Esri, earthquake map, All rights reserved. Published in the United States of America.
Worldwide earthquake data was acquired and shown graphically as a function of time. These trends show an increase in the magnitude and a significant increase in the frequency (magnitude > 5.5) of earthquakes worldwide. It is important to note the recent M9.0 earthquake in Japan and that earthquake frequency is extrapolated for 2011. The earthquake in Japan has probably lead to an overestimation of the yearly earthquake frequency for 2011. Nevertheless, these graphs clearly show an alarming worldwide trend of increasing earthquake strength and frequency. These results are in agreement with the USGS statistics page, which shows an increase in the frequency of stronger earthquakes (M > 5.0). As was mentioned in the main page, these events were prophesied in the Holy Scriptures. It is important to note the sharp increase in earthquake frequency during the month of March 2011.

These trends also show that the depth of earthquakes has diminished, they occur closer to the Earth's surface. Shallow earthquakes occur along fault lines and are due to the accumulation of stress. Earthquake waves can also propagate far enough to trigger other earthquakes; this may explain the noted increase in earthquakes.

Certain have stated that the increased frequency of earthquakes is due to the increased number of detection instruments installed worldwide. This would cause more sensitive earthquakes to be measured. However, these graphs show an increase in stronger earthquakes; it is also important to note that the earthquake Richter scale is base-10 logarithmic (Wikipedia). The fact that the world's population has increased doesn't help, more people are affected by these events. There is increased media avaiability and attention. However, due to recent events, it is now easy to convince even the average person, that there are more and more strong earthquakes occuring worldwide:
- M9.0 near the east coast of Honshua Japan March 2011,
- M5.4 near Myanmar-China border March 10th 2011,
- M6.3 South Island of New Zealand February 21 2011,
- M7.0 South Island of New Zealand September 3 2010,
- M7.0 Haiti region January 12 2010,
- M8.8 off-shore Bio-Bio Chile February 27 2010,
- M8.5 Southern Sumatra Indonesia September 12 2007,
- M8.6 Northern Sumatra Indonesia March 28 2005,
- M9.1 Off West Coast, Northern Sumatra December 26 2004,


Earthquake Frequency and Intensity

The M7.0 that struck Haiti in 2010 occurred in an active zone. However, the last earthquake to strike this region, with the same intensity, occurred in 1897 (Boston.com). The changing nature of earthquakes is catching many people off-guard. The recent earthquake in Japan (M9.0) was also of significance, as noted by USGS "The March 11, 2011 earthquake far surpassed other post-1900 plate-boundary thrust-fault earthquakes in the southern Japan Trench, none of which attained M8. A predecessor may have occurred on July 13, 869, when the Sendai area was swept by a large tsunami that Japanese scientists have identified from written records and a sand sheet."

The strongest earthquakes that occcured in 2004 and 1981 will be compared. The M9.1 that occured in December 2004 had approximately 560*10E16J of energy; the M7.6 that occured in 1981 had only about 3.4*10E16J (see Wikipedia link for Ricther scale). The M9.1 released 165 times more energy than the M7.6.

Impact of melting glaciers on earthquakes

A joint NASA-USGS (2004) study shows that melting glaciers may be increasing earthquake activity (NASA). As mentioned in the article, melting glaciers would change the load on the Earth's crust. As a glacier melts, the load would decrease at this relative point; melted water would flow into the ocean and increase the load over a different surface. It would be this change and/or even reversal of loading that would induce stress in the Earth's crust and increase earthquake activity. Based on these results, melting glaciers should be closely monitored National Snow and Ice Data Center. These results would seem to indicate that the water level need not change significantly to cause significant disruptions. These results would also indicate that the Earth's crust is not static and robust. Finally, areas that have low earthquke activity may become much more active due to melting glaciers.
Impact of Melting Glaciers on Earthquakes

The graph at the top shows that much stronger earthquakes (M > 8.5) occurred after 2003, the Ritcher scale is base-10 logarithmic. It is interesting to note that there is also a change in the rate of thinning mountain ice during the mid 1990's and early 2000. It is noted that mountain ice thickness decreased before the onset of much stronger earthquakes after 2003. This may indicate that ice loading had to be reduced before earthquake activity could increase. The idea of ice load reduction on the Earth's crust was put forward in the NASA-USGS study, NASA. These graphs support the work done by NASA and USGS, which demonstrates that melting glaciers could increase earthquake activity. Another study by NASA shows the accelerated pace of polar ice melting.

Maximum earthquake magnitude yearly (M)
Worldwide earthquake trends
Glacier_Mass_Balance
* This figure shows the average rate of thickness change in mountain glaciers around the world. This information, known as the glaciological mass balance, is found by measuring the annual snow accumulation and subtracting surface ablation driven by melting, sublimation, or wind erosion. These measurements do not account for thinning associated with iceberg calving, flow related thinning, or subglacial erosion. All values are corrected for variations in snow and firn density and expressed in meters of water equivalent (Dyurgerov 2002). Measurements are shown as both the annual average thickness change and the accumulated change during the fifty years of measurements presented. Years with a net increase in glacier thickness are plotted upwards and in red; years with a net decrease in glacier thickness (i.e. positive thinning) are plotted downward and in blue. Only three years in the last 50 have experienced thickening in the average. Systematic measurements of glacier thinning began in the 1940s, but fewer than 15 sites had been measured each year until the late 1950s. Since then more than 100 sites have contributed to the average in some years (Dyurgerov 2002, Dyurgerov and Meier 2005). Error bars indicate the standard error in the mean. Other observations, based on glacier length records, suggest that glacier retreat has occurred nearly continuously since the early 1800s and the end of the little ice age, but variations in rate have occurred, including a significant acceleration during the twentieth century that is believed to have been a response to global warming (Oerlemans 2005). Image created by © Robert A. Rohde / Global Warming Art, see link Glacier Mass Balance; GNU Free Documentation License, upload.wikimedia.org.
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